Risk factors for bone mineral density at the calcaneus in 40-59 year-old male workers: a cross-sectional study in Korea
Few epidemiologic studies have attempted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for osteopenia and osteoporosis in middle-aged Asian men. We investigated this study to determine the prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in this population.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July, 2004.
The subjects were 2,073 males aged from 40 to 59 years in the KHNP (Korea Hydro &Nuclear Power) workplace-based cohort. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by peripheral, dual-energy, X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the calcaneus.
Anthropometric and lifestyle factors were investigated using a standard, self-reported questionnaire.
Results: BMD was 0.60+/-0.09 g/cm2 (mean+/- standard deviation) and was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.18, P <0.001), but positively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; r= 0.15, P <0.001), body fat (r= 0.10, P <0.001), BMI (r=0.35, P<0.001), height (r = 0.26, P <0.001), and weight (r= 0.43, P <0.001).In multiple linear regression analysis, the independent determinants associated with BMDwere increasing age (coefficient = -0.002, P <0.001), physical activity ([less than or equal to] 2/week vs.
[greater than or equal to] 3/week; coefficient = 0.017, P <0.001), WHR (coefficient = -0.796, P <0.001), body mass index (BMI; coefficient =0.023, P <0.001) and smoking status (never vs. ever; coefficient = -0.018, P <0.001).
Conclusion: We suggest that BMD of the calcaneus is correlated negatively with exposure to smoke and increased WHR, but positively with regular exercise and increased BMI.
Author: Hyun-Ju Seo, Soo-Geun Kim and Chong-Soon Kim
Credits/Source: BMC Public Health 2008, 8:253
Published on: 2008-07-23
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