Younger age of escalation of cardiovascular risk factors in Asian Indian subjects
Cardiovascular risk factors start early, track through the young age and manifest in middle age in most societies. We conducted epidemiological studies to determine prevalence and age-specific trends in cardiovascular risk factors among adolescent and young urban Asian Indians.
Methods: Population based epidemiological studies to identify cardiovascular risk factors were performed in North India in 1999-2002.
We evaluated major risk factors- smoking or tobacco use, obesity, truncal obesity, hypertension, dysglycemia and dyslipidemia using pre-specified definitions in 2051 subjects (male 1009, female 1042) aged 15-39 years of age. Age-stratified analyses were performed and significance of trends determined using regression analyses for numerical variables and Chi2 test for trend for categorical variables.
Logistic regression was used to identify univariate and multivariate odds ratios (OR) for correlation of age and risk factors.
Results: In males and females respectively, smoking or tobacco use was observed in 200 (11.8%) and 18 (1.4%), overweight or obesity (body mass index, BMI [greater than or equal to]25 kg/m2) in 12.4% and 14.3%, high waist-hip ratio, WHR (males >0.9, females >0.8) in 15% and 32.3%, hypertension in 5.6% and 3.1%, high LDL cholesterol (>130 mg/dl) in 9.4% and 8.9%, low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dl males, <50 mg/dl females) in 16.2% and 49.7%, hypertriglyceridemia (>150 mg/dl) in 9.7% and 6 %, diabetes in 1.0% and 0.4% and the metabolic syndrome in 3.4% and 3.6%. Significantly increasing trends with age for indices of obesity (BMI, waist, WHR), glycemia (fasting glucose, metabolic syndrome) and lipids (cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol) were observed (p for trend <0.01).
At age 15-19 years the prevalence (%) of risk factors in males and females, respectively, was overweight/obesity in 7.6, 8.8; high WHR 4.9, 14.4; hypertension 2.3, 0.3; high LDL cholesterol 2.4, 3.2; high triglycerides 3.0, 3.2; low HDL cholesterol 8.0, 45.3; high total:HDL ratio 3.7, 4.7, diabetes 0.0 and metabolic syndrome in 0.0, 0.2 percent. At age groups 20-29 years in males and females, ORs were, for smoking 5.3, 1.0; obesity 1.6, 0.8; truncal obesity 4.5, 3.1; hypertension 2.6, 4.8; high LDL cholesterol 6.4, 1.8; high triglycerides 3.7, 0.9; low HDL cholesterol 2.4, 0.8; high total:HDL cholesterol 1.6, 1.0; diabetes 4.0, 1.0; and metabolic syndrome 37.7, 5.7 (p<0.05 for some).
At age 30-39, ORs were- smoking 16.0, 6.3; overweight 7.1, 11.3; truncal obesity 21.1, 17.2; hypertension 13.0, 64.0; high LDL cholesterol 27.4, 19.5; high triglycerides 24.2, 10.0; low HDL cholesterol 15.8, 14.1; high total:HDL cholesterol 37.9, 6.10; diabetes 50.7, 17.4; and metabolic syndrome 168.5, 146.2 (p<0.01 for all parameters). Multivariate adjustment for BMI, waist size and WHR in men and women aged 30-39 years resulted in attenuation of ORs for hypertension and dyslipidemias.
Conclusions: Low prevalence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemias, diabetes and metabolic syndrome) in adolescents and rapid escalation of these risk factors by age of 30-39 years is noted in urban Asian Indians.
Interventions should focus on these individuals.
Author: Rajeev GuptaAnoop MisraNaval VikramDimple KondalShaon Sen GuptaAachu AgrawalR Pandey
Credits/Source: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2009, 9:28
Published on: 2009-07-05
Copyright by the authors listed above - made available via BioMedCentral (Open Access). Please
make sure to read our disclaimer prior to contacting 7thSpace Interactive. To contact our editors, visit our online helpdesk. If you wish submit your own press release, click here.
Social Bookmarking
RETWEET This! | Digg this! | Post to del.icio.us | Post to Furl | Add to Netscape | Add to Yahoo! | Rojo
|
|
If you just keep your HDL cholesterol above 80 and your triglycerides level below 100, you don’t have to worry about ALL THE OTHER FACTORS. Just take care of these 2 guys.
You do that by: exercising 30 minutes at a medium high level of exertion, eating a low carb diet ( paleo diet) and taking 3.000 mg of fish oil a day( or more if necessary)
You can read more at http://www.omega-3-fish-oil-wonders.com/fish-oil-a nd-heart-disease.html