Retinoic acid inducible gene I activates innate antiviral response against human parainfluenza virus type 3

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) is a respiratory paramyxovirus that infects lung epithelial cells to cause high morbidity among infants and children. To date, no effective vaccine or antiviral therapy exists for HPIV3 and therefore, it is important to study innate immune antiviral response induced by this virus in infected cells.

Type-I interferons (IFN, interferon-alpha/beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF activated by NF-kappa B) are potent antiviral cytokines that play an important role during innate immune antiviral response. A wide-spectrum of viruses utilizes pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RLH (RIG like helicases) receptors such as RIGI (retinoic acid inducible gene -I) and Mda5 to induce innate antiviral response.

Previously it was shown that both TNF and IFN are produced from HPIV3 infected cells. However, the mechanism by which infected cells activated innate response following HPIV3 infection was not known.

In the current study, we demonstrated that RIGI serves as a PRR in HPIV-3 infected cells to induce innate antiviral response by expressing IFN-beta (via activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 or IRF3) and TNF-alpha (via activation of NF-kappa B).

Author: Ahmed SabbahSantanu Bose
Credits/Source: Virology Journal 2009, 6:200

Published on: 2009-11-17

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