Effects of Indocyanine green on cultured retinal ganglion cells in-vitro
Indocyanine green (ICG) dye is commonly used to stain the inner limiting membrane during macular surgery. There are reports documenting the toxicity of ICG on retinal pigment epithelial cells, with conflicting results on retinal ganglion cells.
In the present study, we evaluated the effect of ICG on retinal ganglion cells in vitro.Cultured rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5) were exposed to different concentrations of ICG (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.25, &5 mg/ml) for various time intervals (1, 5, 15, 30, &60 minutes). Changes in structural morphology were identified using phase contrast bright field microscopy.
Cell viability was quantified using the neutral red assay and cell death was characterized using Annexin-V staining.FindingsSignificant morphologic changes were observed at 15 and 60 minute intervals for all concentrations, where a reduction in cell size and loss of normal spindle shape was noted. A dose dependent decrease in cell viability was observed with increasing concentration of ICG as well as increasing exposure intervals.
Compared to control, 48-74% reduction in neutral red uptake at all concentrations for exposures 5 minutes or greater (p<0.001). Even at 1 minute exposure, a dose dependent decline was observed in cell viability, with a 28-48% decline for doses above 1.25 mg/ml (p=0.007).
Staining with Annexin-V, demonstrated a similar dose and time dependent increase in number of cells exhibiting early apoptosis. A greater than two-fold increase in Annexin-V expression for all doses at exposures greater than 1 minute was noted.
Conclusion: ICG dye exhibits toxicity to retinal ganglion cells at clinically relevant doses after low exposure periods.
Author: S BalaiyaVikram BrarRavi MurthyK Chalam
Credits/Source: BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:236
Published on: 2009-11-25
Copyright by the authors listed above - made available via BioMedCentral (Open Access). Please
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